For the past two years during this pandemic, many of us have been working from the comfort of our homes, enjoying the benefits of the work-from-home (WFH) arrangement and avoiding traffic and reducing transportation costs. However, such will come to an end for those working with Registered Business Enterprises (RBEs) of the Information Technology – Business Process Management (IT-BPM) sector, as they started their return to office mandate last April 1, 2022.
Section 309 of the Tax Code requires that RBEs under an economic zone or freeport shall be exclusively conducted or operated within the geographical boundaries of the zone or freeport. Any project or activity conducted or performed outside of the geographical boundaries of the zone or freeport shall not be entitled to incentives.
In relation to this, the Fiscal Incentives Review Board (FIRB) issued Resolution Nos. 19-21 and 23-21 that allowed RBEs IT-BPM to continue the WFH arrangement only until March 31, 2022, without compromising their fiscal incentives. The conditions to enjoy the WFH were as follows:
Non-compliance with the above conditions shall be considered as a violation leading to suspension of the income tax incentive for the period of non-compliance. Hence, an RBE in the IT-BPM sector shall pay a penalty equivalent to income tax using the regular rate of 20% or 25% during the months that it has committed such violation.
FIRB Resolution No. 006-22 clarified that the penalty for non-compliance with the provisions found in FIRB Resolution No. 19-21 shall be effective from 13 September 2021 until the expiration of the effectivity of FIRB Resolution 19-21 on March 31, 2022.
COMPUTATION OF PENALTY
Per BIR RMC No. 39-2022, the noncomplying RBEs in the IT-BPM sector shall continue to file their annual income tax return (AITR) using BIR Form No 1702 EX for those with Income Tax Holiday (ITH) incentive and BIR Form No. 1702-MX for those enjoying gross income tax (GIT) incentives with mixed transactions.
However, they are subject to additional payment of penalty for the months during which they are not compliant with the FIRB conditions. Assuming that the RBE IT-BPM was not compliant for the months September to December 2021, the computation of penalty is illustrated as follows:
As discussed above, RBEs shall first file and pay based on the incentives that they enjoy. Thereafter, they shall compute the penalties equivalent to the regular income tax of 25% or 20% for the months they were not compliant. In the example above, the RBE enjoying ITH did not pay income tax for the whole year while the RBE enjoying GIT paid the 5% tax of P1.5 million for the entire year.
Considering that the violations occurred for four months, the regular corporate income tax shall be computed for the affected four months. Hence, the regular corporate income tax due shall be computed by first computing for the entire year tax and then dividing by 12 months. The result shall be multiplied by number of months that the RBE IT-BPM committed the violation. In the illustration above, the RBE is subject to the regular corporate income tax of 25%computed at P1 million for the noncompliant four months.
Once the regular income tax due is computed, the prior payments made using the incentives shall be deducted and only the remaining tax shall be due. In the case illustrated above, since the RBE did not pay income tax under the ITH scenario, the entire P1 million shall be payable. However, for the RBE enjoying 5% GIT, since it already paid P500,000 for the four months when it filed its AITR, only the remaining P500,000 shall be due when it pays the penalty.
MANNER OF FILING AND PAYMENT OF PENALTY
RMC 39-2022 mandated the uniform use of BIR form 0605 for the payment of penalties.
The RBE IT-BPM voluntarily paying the penalty shall indicate in the BIR Form 0605 ‘Others’ under ‘Voluntary Payment’ and indicating the phrase ‘Penalty pursuant to FIRB Res. No. 19-2021’. The tax type code shall still be ‘IT’ and ATC is ‘MC 200’.
The payment is due within 30 days after the due date prescribed for the payment of income tax. Should the payment of penalties be made beyond the prescribed period, administrative penalties shall be imposed. The RBE IT-BPM may opt to voluntarily pay the penalties using the prescribed computation and manner of filing and payment discussed above. The voluntary payment of penalties for the violation of the WFH limit and the conditions set forth above is not an absolute guaranty that the RBE will not be subject of a BIR assessment. The benefit of paying voluntarily is that the voluntary payment made may be directly credited and deducted against the assessed deficiency taxes.
MOVING FORWARD
The illustration provided by the BIR covered the annual income tax filing for the affected RBE in the IT BPM sector for calendar year 2021.
However, as the first quarterly income tax return for calendar year 2022 is nearing, RBE IT-BPMs are now in a quandary on how they will be paying and filing their first quarter return. Are they supposed to follow the prescribed procedure set forth in the RMCs? Will these RBEs be computing income tax payable using the regular rate already if they are not compliant for the first quarter of 2022? Or will they continue to pay their quarterly income tax based on their incentive and pay the penalties in April 2023? Since the RMC is silent as to quarterly filings, is the computation of penalty done during annual preparation only?
The RMCs is also silent as to the suspension of other fiscal incentives available to RBEs of IT-BPM. The FIRB resolutions specifically mention suspensions of their ‘fiscal incentive’. However, the RMCs limit their discussion as to penalties relative to income tax incentives. Can we assume that the violation of the WFH conditions will not affect the VAT zero-rating of local purchases of these RBEs for as long as they keep their registration as registered export enterprises?
Is the prescribed computation of penalty already in lieu of other taxes that may arise in case of non-compliance? Since the RBE became subject to the regular corporate income tax for the noncompliant months, will the local business tax be also payable for the affected months? Take note that the 5% GIT already included the 2% tax due to the local government. Since the 2% tax is already paid to the local government, further payment is arguably no longer due even with the violation of the WHF. However, for those under ITH, there was no local business tax paid. Hence, will they now be subject to local business tax for the period that they become subject to regular corporate income tax.
If the RBE ITM BPM remains noncompliant after March 31, 2022, what penalties will be due? How will it affect the non-income tax incentives that they are enjoying?
For the affected RBEs, uncertainties still abound and further clarifications from the regulators would be most welcome to allow them to plan and strategize moving forward as they all strive to return to the new normal.
Let's Talk Tax is a weekly newspaper column of P&A Grant Thornton that aims to keep the public informed of various developments in taxation. This article is not intended to be a substitute for competent professional advice.
As published in BusinessWorld, dated 26 April 2022
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