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    5. 連載:もし工場長が企業経営者になったら
    6. もし工場長が企業経営者になったら 第14回

    もし工場長が企業経営者になったら 第14回

    04 Oct 2017

    もし工場長が企業経営者になったら 第14回

    もし工場長が企業経営者になったら

    第14回 人・組織に対する客観視(2) ー人・組織・風土の評価ー

    P&A グラントソントン 伏見将一

     

    日本の工場長からフィリピン法人社長に就任した場合、経営の知識・経験が不足していたとしても、経営者になったからには経営全般に対して責任を負い、自社の客観視を行う必要がある。
    フィリピン法人の事業戦略を実行するにあたっては、フィリピン法人の人・組織が重要となる。フィリピン法人の経営者は、日本の組織に属し日本人を指導してきた経験はあっても、外国の組織に属し外国人を指導した経験がないにも関わらず、経営者としてフィリピン法人の組織マネジメントを行う責任がある。
    今回は、人・組織の現状を把握するための視点として、人、組織、風土の3つ評価プロセスを見ていく。

     

    人:個人の問題点、個人間の問題点の把握

    キーマン(役員や管理職レベル)ごとに個人の問題点・個人間の問題点を把握する必要がある。文化や言語が違う国であるため、自国の人以上に、密にコミュニケーションを行わないと考えや気持ちが伝わらないことも多く勘違いが乗じる。

    フィリピン人は日本人のように組織人という感覚ではなく、私人という意識が強い。そのフィリピン人がどのようなキャリアデザインを考えていて、その中で今この日系企業で働いていることがどのような意義をもっていると思っているかを理解する。描くキャリアに貢献する職場ならモチベーションが維持されるが、そうでないとモチベーションが維持されない。

    また、日本では個人情報の把握に気を使っている部分もあるため、個人の状況・問題について、改めてヒアリングをするような機会を設けることは少ないと思うが、フィリピン人に対しては、家族構成、両親や兄弟の状況、収入があるのは誰か等の情報を確認し、その人物の家族内での位置づけを理解しておくことも重要である。加えて、トラブルの要因になりそうなものはないかという視点で、家族に危険な人物はいないか、前職の職場での勤務態度やトラブルがなかったか等の情報把握も大切となる。

    日系企業の場合、経営者である駐在員が定期的に交代する。フィリピン人従業員の中には、従来の社長のやり方に不満を持っている人もいるかもしれないし、新しく赴任した社長がどのようなことを考えられているか不安に思っている人もいるかもしれない。そのため、経営者(駐在員)の交代があった際には、それぞれキーマン個人との面談の機会を設け、新しい組織でやっていく意思があるのか確認することも必要となるケースがある。

    さらに、個人それぞれに問題がない場合でも、個人間の問題が生じているケースもある。特にフィリピン人は日本人に比べプライドが高く、嫉妬心が強いという背景もあるため留意が必要である。 

    組織:部署ごとに状況・部署内の問題点・部署間の問題点の把握

    部署ごとに状況・部署内の問題点・部署間の問題点を把握し、経営者・社内組織・社内外ブレイン体制の構築、経営理念の周知・同意を取る必要がある。特に経営者は、自分が知識や経験のない部署について目を塞ぎがちになりやすい。当然、経営者自身が各種専門的な知識を持つ必要はなく、まずは、各部署との対話の時間を持つこと、専門家の意見や他部門の意見等を把握することが重要となる。

    また、「人」の場合と同様に、部署ごとの問題だけでなく、部署間の問題も把握することが重要である。例えば、売掛金の回収情報が適時にアップデートされていないため、管理部門の担当に責任があると思っていたものの、実際は管理部門と営業部門のコミュニケーションが充分ではなく、営業部門の報告が適時にされていなかったというような話もある。

    仮に弱点と思われる部署等がある場合に、内部だけではなく、外部的な補強(専門家や外注の利用等)も選択肢として検討した上で、どのような補強が必要なのか判断する。

    なお、外国法人では、日本人vsローカルスタッフという構図が取られやすい。これを回避するために有用なのが、経営理念の周知・同意である。仮に日本人もローカルスタッフも、同じ経営理念に同意しているのであれば、経営理念を日本人・ローカルスタッフ間の共通の目的として定めることで、経営理念vs日本人&ローカルスタッフという構図に持っていき、日本人vsローカルスタッフという構図を避けることができる。

     

    風土(環境整備):会社の生活習慣病、経営者自身の心身の生活習慣病、家庭の生活習慣病にかかっていないかの把握

    生活習慣病的な課題の改善策の設定。目指す組織・風土の明文化と打ち手の検討(整理、整頓、清潔、挨拶・礼儀、規律)。会社の生活習慣病、経営者自身の心身の生活習慣病、家庭の生活習慣病にかかっていないを把握する。社内文化的な部分・社内環境的な部分の話である。

    生活習慣病と表現しているのは、例えば、書類を整備する文化がない、管理面があまい、労働環境が悪い、職場が汚い等の悪い病気が、習慣化してしまっていないか?というイメージである。また、目指す組織・風土の明文化と打ち手の検討という部分は企業理念と同様に目指す組織風土を皆で共有していくことになる。共有するには、人事評価基準や行動基準の策定といったハード面と、対話や傾聴と語りかけの機会、経営者の価値観や思いを伝達する機会をもつといったソフト面が重要である。

    あなたの会社では良くない慣行を見逃したままになっていないだろうか?例えば、従業員からの要求があった場合、日本人の感覚で要求を受け入れないと、今後従業員からの提案があがってこなくなるかもしれない。フィリピンの文化慣習を理解した上で、どのような要求なら受け入れられるか基準が明確でわかりやすい必要がある。そして、受け入れないにしても、明確な説明が必要である。十分にその説明を伝えないで、ただ受け入れないというような慣習は避けるべきだ。 

    次回はフィリピンの大きな課題のひとつである離職率の高さについて、上記の視点から考えていきたい。

     

    伏見 将一(ふしみ しょういち) P&A グラントソントン Japan Desk Director 公認会計士(日本)

    2005年に太陽有限責任監査法人入所。上場企業及び外資企業に対する法定監査業務、財務デューデリジェンス業務や上場支援業務等に従事。また、軍師アカデミー会員として中小企業コンサルの経験を有する。2013年よりフィリピンTOP4の会計事務所であるP&Aグラントソントンの業務に関与。日本の会計・税務との相違に基づいたフィリピンの複雑な会計・税務に関する実務的なアドバイス等、日本人経営者および日系企業の多様なニーズに対応したサービスを提供している。

    P&A グラントソントンJapan Desk:約200社のフィリピン日系企業に対して、監査、税務、アウトソーシング、会社設立、アドバイザリー等会計全般サービスを日本人4名体制で提供している。

    お問い合わせ:

    Japan.Desk@ph.gt.com

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