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    5. 連載:もし工場長が企業経営者になったら
    6. もし工場長が企業経営者になったら 第13回

    もし工場長が企業経営者になったら 第13回

    04 Aug 2017

    もし工場長が企業経営者になったら 第13回

    もし工場長が企業経営者になったら

    第13回 人・組織に対する客観視(1)-フィリピンの人・組織を理解する-

    P&A グラントソントン 伏見将一

    日本の工場長からフィリピン法人社長に就任した場合、経営の知識・経験が不足していたとしても、経営者になったからには経営全般に対して責任を負い、自社の客観視を行う必要がある。前回まで説明をしてきたフィリピン法人の事業戦略を立案した後、それを実行するにあたっては、フィリピン法人の人・組織が重要となる。

    フィリピン法人の経営者は、日本の組織に属し日本人を指導してきた経験はあっても、外国の組織に属し外国人を指導した経験がないにも関わらず、経営者としてフィリピン法人の組織マネジメントを行う責任がある。

     

    日本式組織か、フィリピン式組織か

    フィリピンの安価な人件費の恩恵を受けながら、離職率を減らし社内の技術を向上させるという無理難題に立ち向かい、日々頭を悩ましているフィリピン法人の経営者は多いと思うが、どのような組織マネジメントが自社にとって適切であるのか答えを持っているフィリピン法人は、あまりないというのが実態である。 まず、前提として、日本式の組織にすべきか、フィリピン式の組織にすべきか、という論点があるかと思うが、日系企業であるのであるから、原則的には、日本式の組織をベースとして、フィリピンの人・組織を理解しながら、項目ごとに長所短所を考慮して、フィリピン式または日本式でもフィリピン式でもない新しい方式にカスタマイズしていくことになる。

    フィリピンの経済状況は、よく日本の高度経済成長期と比較されることが多いが、組織マネジメントについては、どうであろうか。日系企業が高度経済成長期に利用していた終身雇用や年功序列といった制度を、そのままフィリピン法人に適用することが望ましくないのはイメージし易いと思う。

    一方、日本式の家族経営をイメージさせるアットホームな雰囲気で組織作りに成功しているフィリピン法人も複数見かける。

     なお、フィリピンでの組織マネジメントにあたり、フィリピンの組織から日本の組織が見習わなければならないことも発見される。その際には、積極的にそれを取り入れ、必要に応じて、親会社にもフィードバックすることで、親会社にとってもグローバル企業に近づくチャンスとなる。 

     

    フィリピンの人・組織を理解する

    一般的なフィリピン人の特徴としてホスピタリティがあり、英語ができるため、日系企業との相性が良いという点があげられる。

    一方で、会社に対する忠誠心が低い、責任感がない等の声も耳にする。それぞれのフィリピン人の特徴についての真偽は各人でお持ちだと思うが、それを良い悪いと評価することがゴールではなく、客観的に捉えて、日系企業に合う人材として、育てていく仕組みの構築が求められる。

    フィリピン人の仕事に対する意識、フィリピン人が会社に求めていることを理解しないまま、日系企業のやり方を押し付けても、当然にうまくいく訳がない。

    フィリピン人にとっては問題ではないと考えていることが、日本人にとっては問題となることが多く、これに頭を悩ませことは数え切れない。例えば、フィリピンでは家族との関係が非常に大切である。

    家族のために仕事をしているという意識が強いため、家族に何か問題があった場合、それにより仕事の納期が間に合わなくなるとしても、仕事を休んで家族を優先することがある。

    日本人からすると、責任感がないと考えてしまうこともあるかもしれないが、彼らとしては当然のことである。

     なお、逆に日本人にとっては問題ではないと考えていることが、フィリピン人にとっては問題となることも多いので、これにも注意が必要である。

    フィリピンという地域でフィリピン人と仕事をする立場として、まずは、彼らの文化・慣行・要望を学び、理解するプロセスから始め、その後、日系企業の文化を彼らに受け入れてもらうというプロセスを進めていかなければならない。

     

    人・組織の評価プロセス

    人・組織の現状を把握するにあたって、評価プロセスにおける3つの視点をご紹介する。

     人・組織の現状を把握するとは、具体的には、キーマンやキーとなる組織はなにか、また、問題となる人や組織はないか、風土・文化はどのようなものなのかということを理解していくことになる。

    <評価プロセスの3つの視点>

    1.  人:個人の問題点、個人間の問題点の把握
    2. 組織:部署ごとに状況・部署内の問題点・部署間の問題点の把握
    3. 風土:会社の生活習慣病、経営者自身の心身の生活習慣病、家庭の生活習慣病にかかっていないかの把握

    次回は人・組織・風土の項目ごとに、話をしていく。⇒次回

     

    伏見 将一(ふしみ しょういち) P&A グラントソントン Japan Desk Director 公認会計士(日本)

    2005年に太陽有限責任監査法人入所。上場企業及び外資企業に対する法定監査業務、財務デューデリジェンス業務や上場支援業務等に従事。また、軍師アカデミー会員として中小企業コンサルの経験を有する。2013年よりフィリピンTOP4の会計事務所であるP&Aグラントソントンの業務に関与。日本の会計・税務との相違に基づいたフィリピンの複雑な会計・税務に関する実務的なアドバイス等、日本人経営者および日系企業の多様なニーズに対応したサービスを提供している。

    P&A グラントソントンJapan Desk:約200社のフィリピン日系企業に対して、監査、税務、アウトソーシング、会社設立、アドバイザリー等会計全般サービスを日本人4名体制で提供している。

    お問い合わせ:

    Japan.Desk@ph.gt.com

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