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    5. 連載:もし工場長が企業経営者になったら
    6. もし工場長が企業経営者になったら①

    もし工場長が企業経営者になったら 第1回

    29 Jun 2016

    もし工場長が企業経営者になったら①

    もし工場長が企業経営者になったら

    第1回 フィリピン法人の経営者に求められること 

    P&A グラントソントン 伏見将一

    「伏見さん、引継ぎも終わり、安心して日本に帰国することができます。赴任してきたときには、工場の知識しかなかった私が、まさかフィリピンで財務や法務をこんなに勉強することになるとは思ってもいませんでした。この2年間で学んできた知識や経験は日本に帰国してからの業務でも、役に立つと思います。」

    これは私が2年間、コンサルティングを担当させていただいた、ある日系企業のフィリピン法人社長からのお別れの挨拶である。

     

    フィリピン赴任時の課題

    このフィリピン法人社長は、日本で工場勤務が長く、会計・税務・法務については、知識がなかった。海外赴任も、このフィリピンが初めてであった。フィリピン人従業員200人、日本人駐在員はこの社長と技術系の2名のみ、経理担当の日本人はいない。

    その中で、前任駐在員からの引継ぎを受け赴任をスタートした。当初は前任から引継ぎされた通りに業務を進めていった―当然、これで何も問題ないと思っていたが、約半年ほど経過したところで、親会社から問い合わせがあった。

    「フィリピン法人の親会社に対する売掛金の残高が、親会社で計上されている買掛金の残高と大きく差があるため、調査して欲しい。」

    フィリピン法人のアドミン担当スタッフや前任の駐在員に事情を聞いたが、会計関係はフィリピン人会計士に任せているため、よくわからないとのこと。フィリピン人会計士に相談してみたが、2,3ヶ月経過しても話が進まない。アドミン担当スタッフに催促をお願いするが、対応しているようだ、とのことで具体的な話がない。

    フィリピンだから、そんなものなのかと思う一方で、いろいろと不安が募ってきた。

    そういえば、工場には販売が見込まれない在庫が結構あるし、長期間連絡が取れてない株主がいると言う。また、退職した従業員と揉めている案件もある等を思い出していると、日本人に日本語で相談したいという気持ちになり、P&Aグラントソントンにご相談に来られたという経緯である。

     

    日本人駐在員の特徴と親会社の期待

    このような話は、フィリピンでビジネスをされている方には、容易に想像がつくと思う。今まで工場勤務だった方が、突然、フィリピン法人の経営者という立場になり、経営全般に責任を負う。しかし、実際に赴任している日本人駐在員は、製造、技術、営業等の知識・経験は豊富であるものの、企業経営をする上で必須である会計、税務、法務等については知識・経験が充分でないというのが通常である。

    また、日本の親会社は、駐在員には会計・税務・法務の知識がないことはわかっているが、フィリピン人のアドミン担当スタッフがいるし、フィリピン人の会計士・弁護士を利用しているため、大きな問題は生じないだろうと思い込んでいる。

    一方のフィリピン人会計士・弁護士は、日系企業がどのようなクオリティ・スピード感でサービスを求めているのか、ということを理解していないことが多い。

    例えば、フィリピン人の考える「節税」は日系企業としては「脱税」となってしまうこともあるし、フィリピン人が主張する「スケジュールが遅れる理由」は日系企業には受け入れられないことも多い。

    このギャップを埋めていくお手伝いをしているのが、私達、日本人会計士・コンサルタントの仕事である。この連載では、私達が今まで、どのようにこのギャップを埋めてきたのか、経営の基礎知識の解説とフィリピンの実務を交えながらお話していくことで、工場長から企業経営者になった方を応援していきたい。

     

    自社の客観視―「あなたはこの会社を買収したいと思いますか?」

    フィリピン法人の社長に就任したら、まずは現状の経営上の課題を把握して欲しい。そのためには、自社の状況を徹底的に分析していく必要がある。ここで留意が必要なのが、自分の会社については、主観が入ってしまうことが多いということである。

    「前任と同じことをしていれば大丈夫だ」、「親会社も随時チェックをしているはずだ」、「スタッフ達は皆信頼できる者ばかりだ」等、主観が入った状況で、現状分析を行なうと経営上の課題を見逃すことがある。

    そのため、自社の分析にあたっては、「客観視」、客観的に自社を分析するということが大事である。自分が第三者であった場合、この会社の状況をどのように捉えるか、あなたがこの会社を買収する立場になったつもりで分析を行ってほしい(デューデリジェンス分析)。

    会社を引き継ぐ場合、価値あるものと、そうでないものを明確にした上で、価値あるもののみ引き継ぐ必要がある。そして、それを自らの工夫により、さらに価値を生み出しうる形として再構築する必要がある。その意識で、事業計画の妥当性、債権の回収可能性や棚卸資産の売却可能性等、シビアに評価することになる。

    次回、「どのように自社の客観視をするのか?」説明する。 → 次号

     

    伏見 将一(ふしみ しょういち) P&A グラントソントン Japan Desk Director 公認会計士(日本)

    2013年より太陽有限責任監査法人からフィリピンTOP4の会計事務所であるP&Aグラントソントンに出向。日本およびフィリピンでの経験を元に、日本の会計・税務との相違に基づいたフィリピンの複雑な会計・税務に関する実務的なアドバイスを、日本人経営者に提供している。

    P&A グラントソントンJapan Desk:約150社のフィリピン日系企業に対して、監査、税務、アウトソーシング、会社設立、アドバイザリー等会計全般サービスを日本人4名体制で提供している。

    お問合せ:

    Japan.Desk@ph.gt.com

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