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    6. 経営者のための会計税務解説 第13回

    経営者のための会計税務解説 第13回

    25 Aug 2018

    経営者のための会計税務解説 第13回

    経営者のための会計税務解説

    フィリピン現地法人の株式の売却、株主変更に関わる税務と手続

    P&A グラントソントン Japan Desk Senior Manager 川原田麻美 

    株式の取得から、株主登録の変更手順の概略

    フィリピンにおいて、株主であることの証明は、株券及び最新のGeneral Information Sheet(GIS)に記載されている株主名簿、会社の秘書役が管理するStock And Transfer Book (STB)と、株主に発行されている株券(Share Certificate)である。STBへ記録、GISを変更し、SECに株主変更について報告することで新しい株主は株主としての権利を行使し、配当の受取をすることが可能となる。その為には、然るべき税金を払い、BIRより株主の変更登録を許可する証書 (Certificate Authorizing Registration: CAR) を入手する事が義務とされている。

     

    株主変更の大まかな流れ

    1. 株式譲渡契約の締結
    2. 税金の支払
      • 印紙税支払
      • キャピタルゲイン税(租税条約で免税可能)
      • 寄付金課税
      • CAR申請
    3. 必要書類
    4. SECへ届出

     

    株式譲渡における税務

    ①印紙税

    株式譲渡契約は印紙税の対象となり、株式譲渡契約書の締結、公証をし、翌月5日が納付期限となる。印紙税の計算は、200ペソ毎に1.5ペソとなる。2018年1月以降の取引については税制改革パッケージ1で改正された税率(200ペソ毎に1.5ペソ)が適用となる。

    ②キャピタルゲイン税

    非上場企業の株式譲渡に係るキャピタルゲイン税について、譲渡益に対し、フィリピン内国法人、個人については税制改革パッケージ1で一律15%に、非居住外国法人については従来通り、10万ペソまでは5%、10万ペソを超える部分に関しては10%のキャピタルゲイン税が課せられる。

    納付期限は、譲渡契約日から30日以内である。

    また、このキャピタルゲイン税は、日比租税条約13条にて免税の適用が可能である。フィリピンの内国歳入庁発行のルーリング発行に数年を要する事から、株式譲渡に係るキャピタルゲイン税の免税処置をするケースは多くないのが現状だ。この他、総資産のうち50%超が不動産を構成している場合、当該免税措置は適用されないので留意すべきである。

    ③寄付金課税

    株式譲渡がグループ企業内で行われる場合など、簿価、あるいは簿価に近い価格で取引をする企業が散見されるが、注意が必要である。2018年1月から25万ペソを超える部分は6%となり従来の30%から大幅な減税となっている。また、納税期限は、取引日から30日以内である。

    内国歳入法1997年100条において、「公正市場価格が移転の対価の額を超える場合は贈与とみなされる」とされており、譲渡価格が時価よりも低い場合、その差額が寄付とみなされ課税対象となり、多くの企業が簿価以上の価格で株式譲渡を行った場合においてもの寄付金課税を課されている取引が散見された。

    従来は第三者間、企業間においては30%の税金が課されていたが、2018年1月より施行されている税制改革パッケージ1にて、25万ペソを超える部分は一律6%が税率となったことに加え、当該内国歳入法100条に追記が加えられ、「但し、通常の事業活動の過程(誠実で、独立企業間価格で、贈与の意図のない)における売上、交換、その他の移転は、適切で十分の対価でなされたとみなす」と改正がされ、寄付金課税の対象とならない可能性も考えられるが、BIRがどのように解釈し当該ルールを運用するかは施行細則、事例がないため、公正市場価格と取引価格の差額については、継続して注意する必要がある。

     

    時価の計算について:Adjusted Net Asset Method の採用

    寄付金課税の計算をするにあたり、Fair Market Value (FMV) : 公正市場価格、いわゆる時価の算出が重要になる。

    内国歳入庁は、歳入規則06-2013にて時価の算出方法に関し、ガイドラインを発表した。この通達において、BIRは計算方法の例示をしており本稿でもその例に則り解説をする。

    BIRが例示しているシナリオ

     net adjusted method illustration

    A氏が2013年4月30日に、A社の株式を5,000株売却するとする。A社は10,000株式を発行しており、監査済み財務諸表におけるA社 総資産と総負債額はそれぞれ、P. 20,000,000、P. 5,000,000と計上されている。固定資産以外の資産価格と負債額の市場価格は簿価と同等と仮定し、地方自治体へ支払済みの固定資産税納付書に基づき、土地A、土地B、建屋A、建屋Bの市場価格、BIR発表の公示路線価格、第三者評価は表の通り評価されていると仮定する。

    このシナリオにおいて、A社の純資産はP. 15,000,000であるが、表の固定資産の評価を加味したadjusted net asset はP. 24,500,000 となり、1株当たりの時価はP. 2,450 に調整され、A社の5,000株の時価総額はP. 12,250,000 となる。 

    [ (総資産P20,000,000 + 調整資産額9,500,000) – 総負債5,000,000 ] = P. 24,500,000

    そして、A社の1株あたりの価格を調整すると

    P. 24,500,000 ÷ 10,000株 = P. 2,400/株

    P. 2,450 X 5,000 株 =  P. 12,250,000

     

    株主変更に必要な証明の取得:Certificate Authorizing Registration (通称CAR)

    最後に、CAR取得に提出が必要な書類を以下記す。 

    1. 売却者の納税者番号(TIN: Tax Identification Number)
    2. 公証済譲渡契約書のコピー
    3. 株券のコピー
    4. 現株主(売却者)が株式を取得した証明
    • 設立時の株式の払込証明(対象会社発行)
    • 旧株主への送金証明
    • 株式割当契約書、等
    • 当該株式の以前の譲渡取引を証明するCAR
    1. 時価算出の根拠を証明する資料
    • 対象会社の監査済み財務諸表
    • 固定資産の第三者評価レポート
    • 固定資産税支払納税書
    • 土地の公示価格
    1. 当該譲渡取引に関する税金の納税・支払証明(キャピタルゲイン税、寄付金課税、印紙税)
    2. その他のサポート資料

    現状のルールでは、全ての書類を揃え提出し、5日以内にCARの取得が可能とされているが、実務的には前述の税金の計算根拠に関するBIRとのやり取りや、以前のCARのコピーの取得やその取得ができない場合の証明に時間が掛かり全ての書類の準備に時間を有し、提出後も発効までに数か月かかるのが現状である。設立数年の企業やPEZA企業の場合、まだ土地・建屋、固定資産の第三者評価鑑定書を取得していない企業もあるのでその取得も必要である。そのまた、各株主が登録されている管轄のBIRでそれぞれの手続きを踏まなければならないため、その確認も必要である。外資系企業で大株主が非居住外国法人の場合は、全てRDO(Revenue District Office=税務管轄)39にて手続きを行うことになる。

    以上、フィリピンにおける株主変更手続きには税金支払い、事務手続きが非常に煩雑な為、注意しつつ進めるべきである。

     

    お問い合わせ、相談は:

    P&Aジャパンデスク(Japan.Desk@ph.gt.com )まで。

     

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